Tag: security

Concealed Carry

Understanding Objectivity and Subjectivity in Security Guard Investigations

Mark Schneider

When investigating crimes, incidents, or accidents, security guards must distinguish between objectivity and subjectivity. Understanding these concepts is crucial, especially within the framework of Colorado laws and statutes, to ensure that actions taken are lawful and appropriate.

Defining Objectivity and Subjectivity

Objectivity refers to the practice of making decisions based on observable and verifiable facts, devoid of personal feelings, interpretations, or prejudice. An objective approach relies on clear evidence and facts that can be independently verified.

Subjectivity, on the other hand, involves personal feelings, opinions, and biases. Decisions made subjectively are influenced by an individual’s personal perspectives and emotions, which can vary widely from person to person.

Differences Between Objectivity and Subjectivity

  • Basis: Objectivity is grounded in facts and evidence, while subjectivity is based on personal feelings and opinions.
  • Consistency: Objective assessments are consistent and replicable by others, whereas subjective assessments can vary significantly between individuals.
  • Reliability: Objectivity provides a reliable basis for decision-making, ensuring fairness and impartiality. Subjectivity can lead to biased or unfair decisions.

Legal Framework for Security Guards in Colorado

In Colorado, several statutes govern the actions of security guards when investigating and detaining individuals. Key statutes include:

Colorado Revised Statutes 18-1-707

Use of Physical Force in Making an Arrest or in Preventing an Escape

Colorado Revised Statutes 18-1-707 outlines the conditions under which physical force may be used in making an arrest or preventing an escape. For security guards, this statute is crucial as it delineates the circumstances and limitations for using force:

  • Authorization to Use Force: Security guards can use the minimum and necessary amount physical force when they reasonably believe it is necessary to make an arrest or prevent an escape from custody.
  • Reasonable Force: The force used must be reasonable and proportionate to the situation. Excessive force is prohibited.
  • Deadly Force: Deadly force can only be used if the security guard reasonably believes it is necessary to protect themselves or others from imminent danger of death or serious bodily injury.

Colorado Revised Statutes 18-4-407

Detention of Suspected Shoplifters

Colorado Revised Statutes 18-4-407 provides guidelines for the detention of individuals suspected of shoplifting:

  • Reasonable Grounds: Security guards must have reasonable grounds to believe that a person has committed or is committing theft within the premises.
  • Detention: The suspected shoplifter can be detained in a reasonable manner and for a reasonable length of time to investigate the suspected theft.
  • Investigation: During the detention, security guards may conduct an investigation, including requesting the individual to identify themselves and verify ownership of the property in question.
  • Notification of Law Enforcement: After detaining the suspected shoplifter, security guards should promptly notify law enforcement authorities to handle the situation further.

Colorado Revised Statutes 16-3-201

Arrest by a Private Person

Colorado Revised Statutes 16-3-201 details the conditions under which a private person, including a security guard, can make an arrest:

  • Commission of a Crime: A security guard can arrest a person if a crime has been committed in their presence. The crime must be witnessed directly, and the security guard must have firsthand knowledge of it.
  • Immediate Pursuit: If a crime has been committed and the suspect is attempting to escape, a security guard may pursue and detain the individual immediately. Note that this must follow the companies policies, post orders, detainment and use of force policy.
  • Use of Force: The statute allows for the use of reasonable force to make the arrest, similar to the provisions under 18-1-707.

Probable Cause and Physical Witnessing

Under statutes 18-1-707 and 16-3-201, security guards must have probable cause and physically witness a crime to detain a person. Probable cause requires a reasonable belief, based on objective facts, that a person has committed a crime. This contrasts with reasonable suspicion, which is a lower standard used by only police officers that allows for temporary detention and investigation.

The Role of Objectivity in Detaining Individuals

When detaining individuals under the relevant Colorado statutes, security guards must base their actions strictly on objective evidence. Here are key points to ensure objectivity:

  1. Direct Observation: Detainment must be based on directly witnessing a crime or incident. Hearsay or indirect evidence is insufficient.
  2. Clear Evidence: Collect and document clear evidence that supports the decision to detain, such as video footage, witness statements, and physical evidence.
  3. Avoid Personal Bias: Ensure that personal feelings, prejudices, or assumptions do not influence the decision to detain. Focus solely on the facts.
  4. Consistent Application: Apply the same standards and procedures to all individuals to ensure fairness and impartiality.

Examples of Objectivity in Action

Example 1: Suspected Shoplifting

A security guard at a retail store observes a customer acting suspiciously. The guard notices the customer taking several items off the shelves and placing them in a large bag. The customer then bypasses the checkout counters and heads towards the exit.

  • Direct Observation: The security guard directly witnesses the customer placing items into the bag and attempting to leave without paying.
  • Clear Evidence: The guard has clear evidence, such as video footage from the store’s surveillance system, showing the customer’s actions.
  • Detainment: Based on the objective evidence, the guard detains the customer in a reasonable manner as per CRS 18-4-407.
  • Investigation: The guard asks the customer to identify themselves and verify the ownership of the items. The customer is unable to provide a receipt or proof of purchase.
  • Notification of Law Enforcement: The guard promptly notifies the police, who arrive to take over the situation.

This scenario demonstrates the guard’s objective approach, relying on direct observation and clear evidence, ensuring the detention is lawful and appropriate.

Example 2: Trespassing Incident

A security guard at a private property recognizes an individual who had previously been issued a trespass notice by the police for the same location. The guard has a record of the trespass notice and a photo of the individual.

  • Direct Observation: The security guard directly observes the individual entering the property, which they have been legally prohibited from accessing.
  • Clear Evidence: The guard has documented evidence, including the trespass notice issued by the police and a photograph of the individual.
  • Detainment: Based on CRS 16-3-201, the guard detains the individual, ensuring the use of reasonable force as necessary.
  • Notification of Law Enforcement: The guard immediately contacts the police to report the trespassing and request their assistance.

In this example, the security guard’s actions are guided by objective evidence – the documented trespass notice and direct observation of the individual violating it. This ensures the detainment is lawful and justified.

Conclusion

For security guards in Colorado, understanding and distinguishing between objectivity and subjectivity is essential when investigating crimes, incidents, or accidents. By adhering to objective standards and ensuring actions are supported by clear and verifiable evidence, security guards can lawfully and effectively carry out their duties under statutes 18-1-707, 18-4-407, and 16-3-201. In addition to following legal requirements, security guards must also adhere to their company’s policies, post orders, use of force policies, and detainment policies to avoid any professional repercussions or termination. This comprehensive approach not only ensures compliance with the law but also upholds the principles of fairness and justice in their work.

Concealed Carry

The Importance of Appropriate Commands During Self-Defense Confrontations

Mark Schneider

Introduction

In high-stress situations such as self-defense confrontations, the words you choose can have significant consequences. This is particularly true for gun owners, police officers, armed security guards, and concealed carry weapon (CCW) holders. Effective communication can de-escalate a situation and provide clarity to bystanders and law enforcement. Conversely, inappropriate language can lead to misunderstandings, legal complications, and unnecessary escalation.

Appropriate Commands

When faced with a self-defense situation, it is crucial to use clear, assertive, and non-threatening commands. Here are some recommended phrases:

  • “Put the gun down!”
  • “Stay back!”
  • “Don’t move!”
  • “I will defend myself!”
  • “Put that weapon down!”

These commands are straightforward and focus on de-escalation and self-protection. They convey a clear message to the aggressor and any witnesses without inciting additional fear or aggression.

Why Avoid Inappropriate Language

Using vulgar or aggressive language, such as “I will fucking kill you” or “Stop, motherfucker, I have a weapon”, can have several negative consequences:

  1. Misinterpretation by Witnesses: Witnesses may misinterpret the situation if they hear aggressive or vulgar language. They might perceive the person defending themselves as the aggressor, especially in the chaos of a confrontation.
  2. Legal Repercussions: In court, statements made during a confrontation can be used as evidence. Aggressive language can be portrayed as intent to harm rather than self-defense, complicating legal defense.
  3. Escalation of Violence: Aggressive language can escalate the situation, increasing the likelihood of violence. A calm and assertive tone is more likely to encourage compliance from the aggressor.

The Power of Words: A Broader Perspective

The impact of language is not limited to self-defense situations. In public discourse, words can shape perceptions and policies. For example, the term “assault weapon” is often used in political debates about gun control. This term can evoke fear and support for bans among those unfamiliar with firearms, despite being a broad and often misleading classification.

Learning from Experts

Renowned firearms instructor Massad Ayoob emphasizes the importance of precise language in firearm training. He advises using the term “fill” magazines instead of “load” them to avoid confusion. This level of attention to language highlights its significance in both training and real-life scenarios.

Case Study: The Grocery Store Confrontation

Consider a CCW holder leaving a grocery store who is suddenly confronted by a criminal with a knife demanding his wallet. If the CCW holder responds with “Back off or I will fucking kill you”, and then is forced to discharge his firearm, witness statements could be problematic. A witness might report hearing aggressive threats and seeing a shooting, painting the CCW holder in a negative light.

In contrast, if the CCW holder uses the command “Stay back, I will defend myself” before discharging the firearm, witnesses are more likely to understand the situation as self-defense.

Conclusion

The words you choose in a self-defense situation matter. Clear, assertive, and non-threatening commands can prevent misunderstandings, avoid unnecessary escalation, and protect you legally. By adhering to recommended phrases and avoiding vulgar language, you contribute to a safer and more just resolution of self-defense confrontations.

Always remember, words have meaning and consequences. Choose them wisely.

Concealed Carry

What Is A Security Guard Daily Activity Report(DAR)?

Mark Schneider

Understanding of a Security Guard Daily Activity Report

In the security industry, the Daily Activity Report (DAR) is an essential document that serves as a comprehensive record of a security guard’s shift. Whether handwritten or digitized, this report ensures that all relevant activities, observations, and incidents are meticulously logged. It acts as a critical tool for accountability, communication, and review in maintaining the safety and security of a property.

The Role of the Daily Activity Report

The primary function of a DAR is to record the minute-to-minute activities and notable occurrences during a security guard’s shift. It serves multiple purposes:

  1. Accountability: It holds the security personnel accountable for their time and actions on duty.
  2. Communication: It acts as a communication tool between successive shifts and supervisory staff, ensuring continuity and awareness.
  3. Legal Documentation: In cases of legal scrutiny or insurance claims, the DAR provides a written record that can prove crucial.

Components of a Daily Activity Report

A comprehensive DAR includes several key elements:

  • Shift Start and End Times: Documents when guards arrive and depart, ensuring they fulfill their contracted hours.
  • Handover Notes: Information passed from the previous shift that might affect the current guard’s duties.
  • Supervisor Memos and Instructions: Any special instructions or updates from supervisors or the contract point of contact.
  • Equipment and Inventory Checks: A checklist of all gear, documents, and badges received or present on post, ensuring that all necessary tools are available and accounted for.
  • Post Conditions: Observations on the state of the guard shack, patrol vehicles, and other facilities.
  • Patrol Logs: Detailed records of foot and vehicle patrols, including times and any observations or incidents noted.
  • Incident Reports: Detailed descriptions of any unusual or significant events, including hazards, vandalism, or emergencies.
  • Communications: Logs of all forms of communication (phone calls, texts, emails, radio) that occurred during the shift.
  • Contacts: Records of interactions with employees, contractors, managers, and emergency personnel.
  • Vehicle Monitoring: Details on any unauthorized or suspicious vehicles on the property.

Best Practices for Writing a Daily Activity Report

Effective DAR writing involves clear, concise, and precise language. Security guards should follow these best practices:

  1. Be Timely: Fill out the report as close to the occurrence of events as possible to ensure accuracy and detail.
  2. Be Objective: Stick to factual, unbiased reporting without personal opinions or assumptions.
  3. Be Thorough: Include all relevant details to paint a complete picture of the shift for anyone reviewing the document.
  4. Use Standardized Formats: Adhere to any provided templates or formats to maintain consistency across reports.

The Impact of Digital Reporting

With advancements in technology, many organizations are moving from handwritten reports to digital platforms. Digital reporting offers several advantages:

  • Efficiency: Faster input and transmission of reports.
  • Accuracy: Time-stamping and location tagging enhance the accuracy of logs.
  • Accessibility: Easier storage and retrieval of past reports for review or audits.
  • Integration: Ability to integrate with other security management tools for a holistic security approach.

Operation Security Of A DAR

Maintaining operational security (OPSEC) and personal security (PERSEC) in the context of a Daily Activity Report (DAR) is paramount to safeguard sensitive information that could compromise the safety and integrity of the security operations. The DAR should be handled with strict confidentiality, accessible only to authorized personnel to prevent any potential security breaches. Guards should be trained to omit or generalize sensitive data that might identify specific routines, technologies, or vulnerabilities unless such detail is essential and securely communicated. Additionally, all digital copies of the DAR should be encrypted and stored securely, while physical copies should be kept under lock and key. By enforcing these rigorous standards, the organization ensures that its security practices remain robust and its personnel protected from potential threats.

Example Of A Daily Activity Report

Daily Activity Report (DAR) for a Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) on a Timeline

Security Guards: John Doe & Emily Turner
Date: April 11, 2024
Shifts:

  • John Doe: 08:00 – 16:00
  • Emily Turner: 08:00 – 16:00
    Location: Downtown City DMV

Timeline of Activities

07:55 – Shift Start:

  • John and Emily arrive on duty. They are briefed by outgoing guard, Lisa Smith, about a suspicious vehicle near the rear parking lot from the previous evening.

08:00 – Facility Walkthrough and Equipment Check:

  • Both guards conduct an initial walkthrough of the facility.
  • Confirm all necessary equipment is operational:
  • Radios, flashlights, and incident report forms.

08:15 – Supervisor Communication:

  • John receives and reviews a memo from the supervisor regarding an alert for potential vehicle registration fraud attempts, shares the information with Emily.

08:30 – Foot Patrol:

  • Emily conducts the first hourly foot patrol focusing on the waiting areas and application counters.
  • John checks the external security features and parking lot.

09:30 – Incident Handling:

  • Emily notices and reports a spill in the public waiting area near Seat 12. Maintenance informed for cleanup.

10:00 – Maintenance Follow-Up:

  • Emily confirms cleanup of spill in waiting area.

10:45 – Suspicious Activity Observation:

  • John approaches and verifies an individual taking multiple photos inside the facility; deemed non-threatening after conversation.

11:00 – Vehicle Patrol:

  • Emily conducts the first bi-hourly patrol around the parking lot and perimeter, focusing on the rear parking lot based on the previous day’s briefing.

12:00 – Lunch Break Coordination:

  • John and Emily coordinate lunch breaks and area coverage with each other and the rest of the security team via text.

13:20 – Alarm Response:

  • Both guards respond to an alarm at the rear emergency exit; reset the alarm and secure the area after finding the door ajar.

14:00 – Vehicle Patrol:

  • John conducts the second bi-hourly patrol. Checks perimeter and all vehicle entries.

14:55 – Vehicle Incident Management:

  • Emily issues a reminder notice to a driver of a vehicle parked in a no-parking zone near the front entrance.

15:00 – Manager Communication:

  • Both guards discuss the day’s observations with the facility manager, highlighting the need for no-photography signage.

16:00 – Shift End:

  • John and Emily conduct an end-of-shift briefing with incoming guard, Michael Lee, highlighting key observations and ongoing monitoring areas.

16:05 – Departure:

  • Both guards complete their shifts and depart from duty.

Additional Logs

  • Phone Communications: Logged calls regarding operational hours and ID requirements.
  • Email Communications: Detailed incident report of suspicious activity at 10:45 sent to the supervisor by John.
  • Radio Communications: Regular check-ins performed throughout the shift by both guards.
  • Contacts with Personnel: Interactions logged with DMV employees, IT contractors, and discussed security protocols with Emily taking the lead.

Guard Signatures: John Doe, Emily Turner
Supervisor Review and Signature: [Supervisor’s Name and Signature]

Conclusion

The Daily Activity Report is a vital tool in the security management arsenal. By providing a detailed account of a security guard’s shift, it ensures that all aspects of a property’s security are monitored, managed, and communicated effectively. As security challenges evolve, so too will the methods of reporting, with digital solutions leading the way in enhancing the efficacy and reliability of these crucial documents.